Highway expansion and urban sprawl in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area

Transport development is widely recognized as one of the major drivers in shaping urban forms. While recent literature has documented expansion effect transport networks between cities, little known about within larger metropolitan areas. This study aims to find causal relationships highway and two different aspects development: sprawl Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). To obtain effect, we employ historic infrastructure instrumental variables. Our results show that improvement access increases JMA, particularly 40–50 km radius from city centre. The also confirm existence highway-led several districts JMA over last three decades. paper adds a piece enticing evidence leads sprawling areas even large area.